阜康地区土壤粘粒矿物组成特性的研究

A Study on Clay Mineralogical Properties of Soils from Fukang Areas

在干旱地区土壤中的粘粒矿物组成是影响土壤物理和化学特性的重要因素之一。本文应用Ｘ－射线分析和差热分析等测试手段对阜康地区的几种主要土壤类型的土壤粘粒矿物组成进行了鉴定，同时对影响粘粒矿物形成和转化的土壤环境条件进行了分析和研究。研究结果表明：阜康地区三种土壤粘粒的矿物成份主要由２：１型的层状硅酸盐矿物如伊利石、蒙皂石、绿泥石、蛭石以及蛭石－绿泥石过渡性矿物和１：１型层状硅酸盐矿物如高岭石等矿物组成。土壤中含有较多的２：１型层状硅酸盐风化性粘粒矿物表明土壤具有较高的化学活性和较高的保持植物营养的能力。

Clay mineral compositions are one of important factors that influencing the chemical and physical characteristics of soils in the arid regions.The clay minerals of soils from the Fukang areas had been determined by the X-ray and thermal analysis methods,and the chemical and physical properties of soils as well as the soil environmental condition that influencing the mineral composition of clays,the formation and transformation of clay minerals also were studied.The results showed that the clay mineralogical compositions of the soils from the Fukang areas were dominated by 2:1 type layer silicates such as illite,smectite,chlorite and vermiculite as well as their intergrade minerals,and the kaolinite(1:1 type layer silicates)also presented in the soils.The soils contained many weatherable clay minerals as 2:1 type layer silicates have high chemical activity and high capcity of reservation of plant nutrients