黑河地区沙漠和绿洲的地面辐射能收支

THE RADIATIVE ENERGY BUDGET ON THE GROUND SURFACE OVER DESERT AND OASIS IN HEIFE AREA

本文比较分析了黑河地区沙漠和绿洲的地面辐射观测资料，结果表明，无论冬夏，晴天条件下两地到达地面的短波辐射和向下的长波辐射都几乎相等且具有相同的日变化规律；沙漠和绿洲地面净辐射的差异是由地表状况决定的地面反射率和由热力性质决定的地面向上长波辐射的差异造成的，在夏季是地面反射率和地面向上的长波辐射的差异共同影响的结果，后者的影响更为重要；在冬季，绿洲和沙漠地面热力性质基本相同，地面反射率差异可能是唯一的原因。利用上述结果，本文还讨论了计算黑河实验区地面净辐射的方法。

The characteristics of the surface radiation balance over desert and oasis in HEIFE area were analysed and compared by using the data observed at Desert and Zhangye stations.The results show that ground surface plays an important role on surface radiative energy budget,the non-uniform ground surface leads up to remarkable special variation of surface net radiation in HEIFE atea.Under clear-sky condition,the incoming short-wave and long-wave radiations are nearly equal and have the same diurnal variations over desert and oasis in summer and winter.In summer the differences of net radiation between desert and oasis are caused by the differences of surface albedo and upward long-wave radiation determined by the ground surface and their thermodynamic natures,but in winter the thermodynamic cinditions of ground surface in HEIFE area are nearly the same,so the difference of the surface net radiation betweem desert and oasis is caused by the difference of albedo.Finally,the method for calculating surface net radiation over whole HEIFE area,and the effects of the difference of net radiation between desert and oasis on the micro-climate in HEIFE area are discussed.