固体酸催化剂的分子设计初探

Exploration or Molecular Design or the Solid Acid Catalysts

高效固体酸催化剂无论对现有工业生产还是从环保考虑都是十分需要的。鉴于均相和多相酸催化剂的活性部位有诸多共同特点（化学性质和对反应机理以及控制步骤速度的影响），根据现代均相酸催化理论，以Ｂｒｏｎｓｔｅｄ酸和Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸为例，广泛讨论了类似活性部位的异同，探讨了活性部位在均相和多相酸催化反应中结构和机理上的类似性以及固体晶格在形成固体酸催化剂活性部位时的特殊作用，并对阳碳机理作了评价，最后对固体酸催化剂的设计提出了建议。

Superior solid acid catalysts are needed for not only existing industrial processes but environmental consideration.Conaidering the similar chemical properties,the same influence on the mechanism and the rates of the key steps in acid catalysis of the analogous active sites in homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts,the similarity and differences in behaviour of analogous active sites are widely discussed using Bronsted and Lewis acid sites as examples on the basis of the modern theory of homogeneous acid catalysis.Far going analogous in the structures and the mechanisms of catalytic action of these active sites in various systems are further elucidated as well as the special role of solid lattice in the formation of active site in solid acid catalysts.The mechanism based on the formation of surface carbonium ion is also criticized.Lastly some suggestions are offered on designing more effective solid acid catalysts.