广西壮族学生体质与健康状况的动态研究

Trend Study on Physical Fitness and Health State of Zhuang Students in Guangxi

根据１９９１年５２０３名７～２２岁壮族学生的全国统一性调查资料。发现壮族学生的身高、坐高、体重、胸围、肺活量和立位体前屈（男）低于全国汉族学生水平，５０ｍ跑高于全国汉族学生水平。与１９８５年调查比较，壮族学生身高、体重的增长，城市高于乡村，男生高于女生；肺活量城市学生呈下降趋势，乡村学生呈上升趋势；５０ｍ跑城乡男女生均呈上升趋势，立位体前屈均呈下降趋势；壮族男生突增高峰年龄和女生月经初潮平均年龄分别提前０．２～１．５岁和０．０８～０．３８岁，开始呈现“生长发育长期加速”的现象。与同期汉族学生比，壮族乡村学生处于“赶上生长”的阶段。壮族学生的视力不良率、近视患病率低于汉族学生水平；蛔虫卵检出率和乳、恒龋患病率高于汉族学生水平。

Based on a national survey of 5203 Zhuang students aged from 7 to 22 years in 1991, wefound that the height, sitting-heigth, weight, chest circumference, vital capacity and anterior curvaturein standing body (males) of Zhuang students were lower than that of Han students, the run in 50 mwas higher than that of Han students. Comparing to the survey in 1985, the increments in height andweigth of Zhuang students were greater; the increment of vital capacity in rural students was greaterthan that in urban students; the increment for the run in 50 m of Zhuang students tends to rise, butfor the anterior curvature in standing body tends to descend; the ages of maximum growth velocity ofZhuang boys and the median menarched age of Zhuang girls were advanced 0. 2 to 1. 5 years and 0. 08to 0. 38 years respectively. The Zhuang students slarted to present secular growth acceleration, but incomparison with Han students, the rural students of Zhuang presented stage of catch-up growth. Themorbidity rate of low vision and myopia in Zhuang students were lower than that in Han students. Theinfestation rate of ascaris and morbidity rate of carious permanent (deciduous) teeth in Zhuang studentswere higher than that in Han students.