侧方交会归化法放样及其点位误差椭圆的画法

THE SIDE INTERSECTION REDUCTION TO SET OUT A POINT AND THE DRAWING OF POINT ERROR ELLIPSE

本文分析了极坐标测量法和交会测量法（包括前方交会法、距离交会法，后方交会法和侧方交会法）。极坐标测量法和前方交会法可用于直接放样点位，但距离交会法、后方交会法和侧方交会法不能用于直接放样点位，可用于归化放样点位。详细论述了侧方交会归化法放样的原理和归化检核方法，并论述了在无多余观测时，用几何作日法画误差椭圆的方法，利用误差椭圆可求得点位误差和某个方向上的误差。由于侧方交会归化法放样计算简单，归化方便，是一种大多场合都可使用的放样方法。

This paper analyses polar survey and intersection survey (including forward intersection, linear intersection, three-point intersection and side intersection). Polar survey and forward intersection could directly set out a point, and linear intersection, three-point intersection and side intersection could not directly set out a point, but could reduce to setout a point. The author deals with the principle of side intersection and the method of reduction examination, and drawn error ellipse by using geometry in unsurplus measurement.The solution of point error and the error in some direction may be found. As the side intersection reduction method is simple of calculation and convenient of reduction,it is a good method of being used everywhere.