加拿大油气政策

Canadian Oil and Gas Policy

加拿大联邦政府70年代和80年代的能源政策,是根据不同时期的环境和目的,通过调整价格、税收和有关费用以协调各方面利益而制订的,从而保证了国家能源供应安全,促进了油气工业发展。在此期间,联邦政府的油气政策主要是:1973年,以出口补进口,维持国内低油价;1975年,提高油气价格,调整出口税和进口补贴,征收汽油特别税,以增加油气勘探投入;1980年,增征生产、销售税,控制常规油和天然气价格的上涨幅度,规定联邦政府在油气生产中的干股权益等,以保证能源安全并增加联邦政府收益;1985年,全面解除原油价格和市场限制,取消部分油气税,为油气工业创造更为宽松的外部环境,从总体看,加拿大油气政策是比较成功的,可供我国有关部门制定油气政策借鉴。

Canadian energy policies in the 1970's and 1980's,formulated to suit a variety of situations and purposes,used the readjustment of prices,taxes,and relative costs, to coordinate the energy interests of the day. These policies protected the security of the national energy supply and encouraged the development of the oil and gas industry. The following is a list of the main content of federal oil and gas policy during this period. In 1973 low oil prices were maintained domestically through government subsidized oil imports. In 1975 oil and gas prices were raised, export taxes and import subsidies readjusted, and special gasoline taxes imposed in order to spur investment to oil and gas exploration. In 1980 production and marketing taxes were imposed and the price margins of conventional oils and natural gas were controlled. At the same time,energy policy gave the federal government a carried interest in the oil and gas industry in order to safeguard energy supply. In 1985 all limitations to crude prices and marketing were lifted,and some oil and gas taxes raised to create a favorable environment for the development of the oil and gas industry. Generally speaking,Canadian oil and gas policies were successful. Chinese oil and gas policy - making bodies would do well to study and draw lessons from the Canadian example.