俄罗斯燃料能源市场及其发展趋势

Russian Fuel Energy Market and Development Trends

1993年俄罗斯原油产量和原油加工量分别比上一年减少了12％和14.3％,煤炭和天然气产量分别减少了9.5％和3.6％。与工业生产年均下降16％～17％相比,燃料工业属相对稳定,保证了国民经济的需要。目前俄罗斯石油储采比为12～18,若勘探工作量和石油产量继续下降,几年后俄将成为石油进口国。俄计划2000年使天然气产量达到7150～7250亿立方米,2010年达到8100～8500亿立方米,不仅向独联体、西欧和东欧国家供气,还将通过管道向远东一些国家出口。为稳定国内能源市场,应采取综合措施,做好包括价格结构、税收、立法和管理组织机构方面的工作。在能源出口方面,要改善出口结构,减少原料出口,增加高附加值的加工产品的出口。为完成俄罗斯新能源政策提出的主要任务,要建立可以调控的市场,实行以世界价格为目标的全新的能源价格体系,从而使燃料能源部门的财政状况,在短期内获得根本改善。

erage of 16 -17%. Russia's present reserve-production ratio is 12-18, however, it may become a net petroleum importer within several years if exploration activities and petroleum production continue to decline. Russia plans to increase its natural gas production to 715 - 725 BCM by the year 2000 and to 810-850 by 2010. The natural gas will be supplied not only to the CIS, Western and Eastern Europe, but will also be piped to some Far Eastern countries. It is suggested that in order to stabilize its domestic energy market, Russia should institute comprehensive measures to reform price structure, taxation, legislation, and managerial organization and agencies. With respect to the export of energy resources, Russia should improve its export structure, reduce export of raw materials, and increase the export of processed products with high added-value. In order to fulfill the primary tasks set by its new energy policy, Russia must establish an adjustable market and implement a totally new energy price structure in line with the world market. Only in this way will it be able to fundamentally improve the fiscal condition of its fuel energy bureaus in a short time. Gubkin Russian crude oil production and processing volume in 1993 dropped 12% and 14. 3% respectively as compared to 1992; coal production decreased 9. 5% and natural gas production decreased 3-6%. The fuel industry was able to satisfy the needs of the domestic market, remaining relatively stable in comparison with industrial production , which decreased by an av-