牡蛎循环系统的研究

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF OYSTERS

于1989－1990年在海南岛、广东蛇口以及青岛近海采集12种牡蛎，进行循环系统的比较解剖学研究。首次提出了牡蛎的循环系统有两种类型，即附心脏型和无附心脏型。两者之间的主要区别是：（1）附心脏型无肌套血管，其外套血液主要来自环外套动脉和附心脏；无附心脏型，由于无附心脏和环外套动脉，其外套血液主要来自肌套血管。（2）附心脏型是通过出鳃静脉和外套静脉分别将鳃前部和后部的血液送回心耳；无附心脏型的外套静脉与外人鳃血管不通，鳃中的血液只能通过出鳃静脉回到心耳。在强婉亚科（Pacnodonteinae）中发现了第三个心耳和第三条回心动静脉。

This paper describes in detail the circulatory system of oysters collected from the coasts of Hainan, Guangdong and Shandong Provinces. Study of fixed (in alco-hol or formalin) or live specimens anatomized under microscope revealed two types of circulatory systems: 'accessory heart type' and 'non-accessory Leart type'. In the accessory lieart type the mantle blood comes from the mantle circulating arteries and the accessory hearts, while in tbe non-accessory heart type, the oysters lack the acc-essory kearts and the mantle circulating arteries. Tke mantle blood comes mainly from the adductor-mantle vessels. In the accessory heart type the front and rear gill blood is transported to the auric1es by the efferent brancliial veins and the mantle veins, respectively, but in the non-accessory heart type the gill blood is delivered by the efferent branchial veins only, as there are no connections between the outer eff-erent branchial vessels and the mantle vein. The third auricle (the upper right aur-icle) and its directly connecting vessel (the posterior vein) are found in the subfamily Pycnodonteinae.