航天舱室内非金属材料的毒性危险与卫生学评价

Toxic Hazards from Nonmetallic Materials in Space Vehicles and Hygienic Evaluation

航天舱室内非金属材料的毒性危险与卫生学评价余秉良（北京航天医学工程研究所１０００９４）１引言非金属材料，特别是聚合材料具有优越的物理－化学、机械和介电性能，因此广泛用于国民经济、日常生活和航天高技术各个领域。仅在载人航天舱内就利用了数百种非金属材料。...

Nonmetallic materials are used widely in manned space vehicles be-cause of their fine properties.But the offgassing or ther molysis are contamination sourcesfor the air in the crew compartment , and forms a potential hazards to the crew members. This paper is a comprehen sive look back on the works related to the nonmetallic ma-terials evaluation. The toxic hazards of materials ,offgassing characteristics and methodsof evaluation were discussed. The following points were emphasized :1. The hygienic evaluation of the materials has important significance in the preven-tion of air contamination in the crew compartment.2.The evaluation provides scientific basis of selection of the materials with lowodout ,low offgassing , low toxicity and high stability to heat. 3. The evaluation is a multiple subject and comprehensive technology , and the pro-cedures ,steps and methods of evaluation should be standardized. 4. Good attention should be paid to the evaluation of materials made in our country,and a materials hygiene handbook shonld be worked out.