空间同位素发电体系的应用现状与展望

PRESENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF SPACE ISOTOPE POWERSYSTEMS

放射性同位素温差发电器（ＲＴＧ）自６０年代初以来，已成功地为空间发射任务提供动力。同位素温差发电器的安全性、可靠性和耐久性已经为其地球轨道飞行、月面科学试验和外层行星探索的多种应用而得到充分地证实。就能量转换体系而言，近年来人们为了提高热电转换效率，除继续改进“静态同位素发电体系”外，业已开始发展由通用型热源组件与封闭的布雷顿循环相结合的“动态同位素发电体系”。文中收集了本世纪９０年代由同位素发电体系供电的宇宙飞船发射时间表，并展望了同位素发电体系的应用前景。

Radioisotope thermoelectric generators(RTGs)have successfully provided power for space missions since the early 1960’s.Their safety,reliability, long-life performance and survivability have been thoroughly demonstrated for multiple applications of earth orbital flying,Iunar scienti-fic experiments and planetary exploration,With regard to the energy conversion systems,the static isotope power system has been continuously improved and the dynamic isotope power system combining the general purpose heat source modules with closed brayton cycle has been started to develop in recent years,so as to increase the efficiencv of thermo-electric conversion.The launch schedule of spacecraft powered by isotope energy system in the 1990’s is given in this paper,and the application prospects of isotope power system are also forecasted here.