枣和酸枣的分类学研究

A Taxonomic Study on Chinese Jujube and Wild Jujube

对长期争议的枣和酸枣的分类地位、学名及其次级划分进行了研究。通过形态、解剖和生境习性比较，数量性状的统计分析，ＤＮＡ多态性检测及有关分类学资料考证，认为二者存在多方面显著差异，宜处理为两个独立种。在枣的１６个曾用名中ＺｉｚｉｐｈｕｓｊｕｊｕｂａＭｉｌｌ．是唯一合法可用的；而酸枣做为独立种其５个曾用名均不合法，鉴于其与枣近缘且果肉大多偏酸，给予了新名Ｚ．ａｃｉｄｏｊｕｊｕｂａＣ．Ｙ．ＣｈｅｎｇｅｔＭ．Ｊ．Ｌｉｕ。另据全国范围的实地考察及文献和标本考证，认为长期来被列为枣一变种的无刺枣Ｚ．ｊｕｊｕｈａＭｉｌｌ．ｖａｒ．ｉｎｅｒｍｉｓＲｅｈｄ．不能成立，应予以归并；同时在酸枣和枣下确立了５个新变型和３个新等级。

The taxonomic status and subdivisions of Chinese jujube and wild jujube,were studied. They were treated as two independent species based on their obvious differences in morphology, habit, habitat, anatomy, polymorphism of nuclear DNA, utilization, chemical composition and palynology. Among the 16 names used to Chinese jujube only Ziziphus jujuba Mill. was reasonable.However,all the 5 names of wild jujube were not legal,and a new name, i. e., Z.acidojujuba C. Y. Cheng et M. J. Liu was given to it. According to our nationwide investigation, the so-called spineless jujube, an old variety off Chinese jujube (Z. jujube Mill. var. inermis Rehd.)is untenable and showld be reduced. In addition,5 new forms and 3 new status were established under Chinese jujube and wild jujube.