不同养殖类型池塘浮游生物群落结构的初步分析

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF THE PLANKTON IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF FISH PONDS

1988年在山东省禹城县渍涝洼地中选择四口鱼塘以不同放养类型进行试验,4—10月测定其浮游生物数量、生物量的变化。根据浮游生物各主要大类(如原生动物、轮虫以及蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、隐藻和裸藻等)的变化,分析不同养殖类型池塘浮游生物群落结构变化的稳定性和同步性,同时分析了环境因子特别是生物营养物质的变化对浮游生物的影响。结果指出,肥水性鱼类在养殖池塘中因搭配比例的差异而导致池塘中浮游生物变化。

In 1988,four clossed fish ponds (4-1,4-2,4-3,4-4) were selected to study the different types of main cultivated fingerlings in fish ponds in the saline-alkali wetland in Yucheng County of Shandong Province. In pond 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, Oreochromis aureus, Hypophthalmichlhys molitrix , Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idellus are the main cultivated fishes, respectively. During 4-10 months, the abundance, biomass and the key environmental factors in the four fish ponds were tested. According to the changes in the major population of plankton, such as Protoza, Rotifera, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta and Euglenophyta, the steady and synchronous characteristics of the plankton in four different types of the fish ponds were analysed. In addition, the relationship between the environmental factor, especially the nutritional factor, and the plankton were studied. As the growth and reproduction of plankton need an abundant nitrogen and phosphorus, there was a proportion suitable to N and P of about 15-30 : 1. During the cultivation period, the abundance of plankton had a positive interrelation with water temperature, but the water temperature reached an appropriate point, showing negative interrelation. The different proportions of the ferite feeding fish in ponds led to different species of plankton. In the pond of main cultivated Hypophthalmichthys molitrix , the primary productivity is not on the decline. In favourable conditions, there would be more abundance of plankton.