根带深度和养分供给对春小麦生育的影响

Influence of Rhirospere and Nutrition Supply on Growing and Development of Spring Wheat

试验于１９８９～１９９０年在日本北海道大学进行，结果表明，春小麦根系随根带深度加深而增加。浅根区无灌水根系发达是对土壤水分亏缺的适应性表现，深根区根系更发达，为春小麦丰产奠定了物质基础。灌水条件下氮磷在植株体内含量高，无灌水条件下钾在茎内含量高，春小麦的养分含量和全吸收量有随根带深度增加而增多的趋势，吸收氮钾多，磷次之。生育前期氮磷钾分配在茎叶多，生育后期氮磷在子实、钾在茎内分配比率大。春小麦的产量有随根带深度加深而增加的趋势，浅根区集中施肥，喷灌后春小麦增产１３．９％～１６．０％，深根区加深耕层增产５７．８％～２９．５％．在浅根区实施喷灌或加深土壤耕层，集中施肥，以氮钾肥为主，促进根系发达，增强吸肥能力，是提高旱作区春小麦产量的主要途径。

This research showes that the development of spring wheat roots depends on rhizospere, the roots at shallow layer are strong which suits the condition of water lack and the roots at deep layer are stronger as the material foundation of high yield.After irrigation the N and P contents in plant are higher,however the K content in stems is higher without irrigation with the rhizospere becoming deepei,the nutrition assimilation increased.N and K was high and P was low. At early growth stage,N and P content in stems and leaves were higher,but at lategrowth stage,N and P contents in seed were higher and K content in stems and leaves was higher.The yield increases with the rhizospere becoming deeper. When fertilizing shallow layer,yield increased 13. 9%,after irrigation yield increased 16%,fertilizing deeplayer,yield increased 57.8%,and after irrigating the yield increased 29.5%.Spray-irrigating at shallow layer or deepening plough laye.and fertilizing are important methods for high yield in dry land.