用氟化物钎剂钎焊6063铝合金的试验研究

A Study on Brazing 6063 Aluminum Alloy with Fluoride Flux

本文用“平百铺展试验”和“Ｔ型接头试验”，研究了６０６３铝合金采用ＡＩ－Ｓｔ钎料和氟化物钎剂（ＱＦ钎剂）钎焊时的钎焊性和钎缝质量。结果表明：在相同条件下，用ＱＦ针剂钎焊６０６３铝合金和钎焊纯铝及ＬＦ２１铝合金相比，钎料的流动性下降，钎剂高温活性降低，焊后钎缝中易产生气孔等缺陷。进一步的研究指出：６０６３铝合金中的合金元素Ｍｇ是使钎剂失效和恶化钎缝质量的主要原因。为了解决现有ＱＦ钎剂在钎焊６０６３铝合金时存在的上述问题，通过大量试验，研制了一种新型的纯氟化物钎剂，使用该钎剂配合Ａｌ－Ｓｉ共晶钎料钎焊６０６３铝合金时，钎料具有良好的流动性，焊后钎缝成形好，无气孔、夹渣等缺陷。

The brazing-ability and quality of brazed seam of 6063 aluminum alloy brazed by Al-Si eutectic filler metal and QF flux is discussed by means of test of spread-ability and test of T joint. Results of research indicate that comparing with brazing pure aluminum or LP21 under the same condition,the flow-ability of filler metal and flux activity in high temperature will descend,and the detects such as blowhole will occur in the brazed seam. Further research shows that element Mg in 6063 is the main cause making the flux ineffective and the quality of brazed seam degraded. To solve problems existing in brazing 6063 with QF flux,through a number of tests, we produce a new kind of fluoride flux,during brazing 6063 by this new kind of flux combined with Al-Si eutectic filler metal,the filler metal has good flow-ability,the formation of brazed seam is good,and defects such as blowhole and flux inclusion will not appear.