27个玉米地方品种的配合力和杂种优势群的研究

EVALUATION OF COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS AMONG 27 LOCAL VARIETIES FROM SOUTHWEST CHINA IN MAIZE

为有效地利用我国玉米的种质资源，对选自我国西南地区的２７个玉米地方品种和３个美国玉米群体（ＢＳＳＳ、Ｌａｎｃａｓｔｅｒ和品种综合种）进行了配合力分析。方差分析表明，１２个性状在组合间均达到显著或极显著水平。在大多数性状尤其是株高、倒伏率、千粒重和单株产量的基因型方差中，一般配合力方差占的比例较高。白瘦地根、大子白、花六十早和六十早等几个地方品种具有较好的农艺性状和产量一般配合力，是组建基础群体的重要种质资源。ＢＳＳＳ是一个适应性较好的外来群体，对改造和提高西南地区玉米地方品种的抗倒伏性和产量具有较好的效果。

Twenty-seven local varieties of maize as paternal parents were crossed with three U.S. A. maize populations [BS1 3(S)c_2, Lancaster, and Pingzong] follwing a 3 × 27NC Ⅱ mating design, 30 parents and 81 crosses were evaluated for 12 agronomic and yield traits in Wuhan (Hubei province ). The objectives of the study were to determine the heterosis and combining ability among these material and to screen appropriate germplasm suitable for population improvement. Analysis of variance showed that all corsses had highly significant (P<0.01) differences for all 12 traits except stalk diameter having significant at 0.05 probability level. General combining ability (GCA) was significant for 10 traits whereas specific combining ability (SCA) was signilicant only for few traits. GCA accounted for a large share of the variation among crosses for most traits, especially for plant height, lodging rate, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield per plant. Comprehensive evaluating populations for several important agronomic and yield traits, some local populations, such as BXD, DZB,HLX and LXZ , may be important resources to constitute the basic breeding populations.BSSS adapted exotic population could be used to effectively improve the lodging-resistance and yielding of local varieties from Southwest China.