摘要
智利北部阿塔卡马干盐湖位于一个内陆闭流构造盆地中，形成于晚第三纪。从中新世至今，全地内有强烈的火山作用。它是智利最大的干盐湖，也是世界上最大的富锂干盐湖之一。其盐矿物和卤水（包括锂）的物质来源如下；（１）火山活动形成的大量流纹岩质火山灰流凝灰岩，并伴随着大量地热水；（２）从火山岩中淋滤的可溶盐；（３）淋滤富锂粘土岩；（４）安第斯山东部湖和干盐湖的盐卤水沿着上新世（？）至第四纪形成的山前断裂流入阿塔卡马盆地，再通过沙漠环境的长期蒸发，因此盆地内积累了大量盐组分。
AbstractThe molar de Atacama of northern Chile is within a tectonic basin of niternal drainage which originated in the late Tertiary and which has been the site of intensive volcanism from the Miocene to the present.The salar,the largest in Chile and one of the largest in the world,contains the world's richest lithium- brine deposit. Saline minerals and brines in the salar,including the lithium, were derived the following sources:(1)geothermal waters associated with active volcanism that Produced huge amounts of rhyolitic ash flow tuffs;(2)leaching of watersoluble salts from the volcanic rocks(3)leaching of lithium-rich clays;and (4)saline waters of lakes and salars in the high AndeS to the east, which moved into the Salar de Atucama basin through permeable fault zones of Pliocene(?)and Quaternary age. Long-term accumulation and evaPOration of these waters,under desert conditions that have prevailed at least since the Miocene,gave rise to the large amounts of saline mat6rials in this basin.
