松花江鱼类系污染现状研究

Study on the Total Mercury and Methyl Mercury Contaminations in Fish from the Songhuajiang River

松花江主要工业汞源根治后，该江吉林市至三岔河口和三岔河口至同江江段总汞与甲基汞已分别降到轻、中度污染水平。各江段鱼类总汞与甲基汞污染水平均表现出：肉食性鱼类＞杂食性鱼类＞植物食性鱼类；底层鱼类＞中、上层鱼类；无鳞鱼类＞有鳞鱼类。各江段每种鱼类肌肉中甲基汞含量与总汞含量之间呈明显的正相关关系，与脲酶、乳酸脱氢酶活力之间呈明显的负相关关系。鱼类肌肉中总汞含量与江水中总汞含量之间呈明显的多元直线、多元对数和多元指数回归关系；鱼类肌肉中甲基汞含量与江水中甲基汞含量之间呈明显的多元对数回归关系。

Since the main industrial sources of mercurydischarged into the Songhuajiang River wereeliminated eight years ago,the total mercury andmethylmercury contaminations in fish from thereaches of the river from Jinn City to Sanchahekouand from Sanchahekou to Tongjiang have beenreduced to a light level of contamination and amedium level of contamination, respectively.Theaverage levels of total mercury and methylmercurycontaminations in fish from both reaches of the riverexhibited:the highest in carnivorous fish, lower inomnivorous fish,and the lowest in herbivorous fish;higher in the underlayer fish than in the medium andupper layer fish;and higher in the scaleless fish thanin the scaled fish.In the muscle of each species offish from both reaches of the river, the level ofmethylmercury was in a significantly positivecorrelation with the level of total mercury whilebeing in a significantly negative correlation with theactivities of urease and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH). The level of total mercury in the muscle offish was in a significantly multiple linear, multiplelogarithmic or multiple exponential correlation withthe level of total mercury in river water.The levelof methylmercury in the muscle of fish was in asignificantly multiple logarithmic correlation withthe level of methylmercury in river water.