无汞污染的水柱型大气压强计

Watercolumn Barometer without Mercury Contamination

提出一种小尺寸（１．２ｍ）的水柱型大气压强计，解决了生产和使用水银柱大气压强计时产生的汞污染环境问题。讨论水柱大气压强计的工作原理和使用方法，分析测量误差。简述应用中的若干问题。文中给出的压强计在海拔为０—３ｋｍ、环境温度为６－４０℃范围使用，测量结果的标准误差小于±０．９ｍｍＨｇ，能分辨±０．１ｍｍＨｇ的大气压强变化，适用于环境温度变化不大的室内大气压强测定。由于水的饱和蒸气压随环境温度有较大变化，从而导致了用水柱测大气压强的困难，文中报道了一种在一定环境温度范围内（６—４０℃）解决这个问题的方法。

A miniatured (1.2 m long)watercolumn barometerhas been developed to solve the environmentalproblem of mercury pollution resulted from theproduction and opreation of a mercury columnbarometer. The working principles, use methods andmeasurement errors of the watercolumn barometerwere discussed and some aspectS of its applicationwere briefly described.This barometer can work wellat 0-3 km above sea level and at an ambienttemperature in the range of 6-40℃ The resultsfrom its measurement have a standard error of lessthan ±0.9 mmHg and it can detecct a change inatmospheric pressure of f 0.1mmHg. This newlydeveloped barometer is applicable to measure theatmospheric pressure in a room where there will be aless change in ambient temperature.A conventionalwatercolumn barometer is very difficult to be used tomeasure the atmospheric pressure because thepressure of saturated water vapor varies largely witha change in room temperature. The use of this newbarometer can also solve this problem.