新疆蚤类的寄生蠕虫

HELMINTHES PARASITIZED IN FLEAS OF XINJIANG,CHINA

在新疆地区野外采集的蚤类中，发现叶状切唇蚤突高亚种（Ｃｏｐｔｏｐｓｙｌｌａｌａｍｅｌｌｉｆｅｒａｒｄｕａ）、宽新蚤（Ｎｅｏｐｓｙｌｌａｍａｎａ）、腹窦纤蚤深广亚种（Ｒｈａｄｉｎｏｐｓｙｌｌａｌｉｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｏｓａ）、似升额蚤指名亚种（Ｆｒｏｎｔｏｐｓｙｌｌａｅｌａｔｏｉｄｅｓｅｌａｔｏｉｄｅｓ）和方形黄鼠蚤七河亚种（Ｃｉｔｅｌｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓｔｅｓｑｕｏｒｕｍｄｚｅｔｙｓｕｅｎｓｉｓ）体内有腊肠线虫科（Ａｌｌａｎｔｏｎｅｍａｔｉｄａｅ）线虫的寄生。该线虫的大量侵犯可造成寄主蚤的雄性阉割和雌性卵巢发育不全。在实验室饲养的蚤类中，猎栉首蚤指名亚种（Ｃｔｅｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｉｄｅｓｆｅｌｉｓｆｅｌｉｓ）、真凶中蚤精河亚种（Ｍｅｓｏｐｓｙｌｌａｅｕｃｔａｓｈｉｋｈｏ）、曲棘新蚤（Ｎｅｏｐｓｙｌｌａｔｅｒａｔｕｒａ）和秃病蚤指名亚种（Ｎｏｓｏｐｓｙｌｌｕｓｌａｅｖｉｃｅｐｓｌａｅｖｉｃｅｐｓ）可感染微小膜壳绦虫（Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｌｅｐｉｓｎａｎａ）的拟囊尾蚴而成为该绦虫的中间宿主，其中感染了绦虫的猎栉首蚤可对人群、尤其是儿童的健康造成威胁。

Copt0psylla lam1lifer ardua (Siphonaptera:Coptopsyllidae)collected from Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia:Cricetidae) of Huocheng Co.,Xinjiang was found to be one of the victims parasitized by the nematode Psyllotylenchus pawlowskyi(Kurochkin). The parasitical rate in October could be higher over 40%,and the females were easier to be encroached on than the males.The parasitism ofthe nematode may resuIt in castration in male fleas,and hypoplasia or even dispersion of the ovary in females. In an examinatiOn of the specimens collected from Xinjiang the past years,it seems that the 4 species of fleas,1.e. Ctenocephalides felis felis,Neopsylla teratura, Mesopsylla eucta shikao and Nosopsyllus laeviceps laeviceps,could act as the intermediate hosts for the cestode Hymenolepis nana (Cyclophyllidea:Hymenolepididae) .The hexacanthes of the cestode might be swallowed down by the flea's larvae,and then developed to the cysticercoids which could be found mainly in abdomen of larvae and adults,and in abdomen and thorax of pupae,An average parasitical rate of 50-60 % and above was found in those fleas fed on the laboratorial mice. The epidemiological significance of the fleas as an intennediate host for the cestode might be in increasing the opportunities for both men,especially the children,and their pets to catch the cestode infection.