高产鱼池中异养细菌的初步研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA IN HIGH-YIELDING FISH POND

对无锡市效区“河埒渔业一队”典型高产鱼池中异养细菌种类、数量及群落组成的分析测定,它表明在1984年3月至10月试验期间,试验鱼池水体中总细菌数和异养细菌数分别在1.30×10~5～15.90×10~5个/ml和1.56×10~4～14.50×10~4个/ml。鱼池淤泥中总细菌数和异常细菌数分别在1.20×10~6～68.0×10~5个/克和1.94×10~5～19.90×10~5个/克。同时经分析得知,试验鱼池中细菌数量的波动与鱼池水温等理化因子各有不同的相关关系。试验鱼池水体中共分离出11个属的异养细菌,其中优势菌为氮单胞菌属(Azomonas)等具固氮能力的菌属;淤泥中共分离出8个属的异养细菌,其中优势菌为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)等革兰氏阳性菌属。假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)的细菌普遍存在于鱼池的水体及淤泥中。试验表明,高产鱼池中的细菌数量变化有一定规律性,细菌数量及异养细菌的群落组成与鱼池的鱼产量有一定的关系。

Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were identified and counted monthlyfrom March to October in pond water and sediment of a high-yielding polyculturedfish pond. During the experiment, ranges of total bacterial count (TBC) and he-terotrophic bacterial count (HBC) in pond water were 1.30-15.90×10~5 cells/mland 1.56-14.50×10~4 cells/ml respectively. while TBC and HBC of pond sediments were 1.20-68.0×10~6 cells/g and 1.94-19.90×10~5 cells/g respectively. Data ana-lysis showed that fluctuations of the bacterial load of pond were correlated withseveral environmental factors. 11 genera of heterotrophic bacteria were found inpond water, of which the nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g.Azomonas) were domina-ting. 8 genera of heterotrophic bacteria were found in pond sediment, of whichgram positive bacteria (e. g. Bacillus) were dominating, Pseudomonas commonlyoccurred in pond water and sediments. Results of the experiment indicated that thechanges of bacterial load in high-yielding polycultured fish pond revealed certainregularity and the fish yield had a bearing upon the composition of the bacterialcommunity in the pond.