利用禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素筛选抗小麦赤霉病突变体

SELECTION OF WHEAT MUTANTS FOR RESISTANCE TO CRUDE TOXIN FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM

以赤霉粗毒素为选择剂筛选小麦抗赤霉病的细胞突变体，结果表明：小麦幼胚（穗）愈伤组织抗（耐）赤霉粗毒素的最佳选择浓度为（０．５～０．６）ｘ１０￣（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。在此浓度下，不同基因型的幼胚（穗）出愈率和愈伤组织对粗毒素的反应有差异，在１０￣（－３）～１０￣（－５）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度范围内，愈伤组织的存活率随浓度的升高而下降。经毒素处理后的耐毒素愈伤组织较对照稍小、略紧密、微黄色，继代于不含毒素的培养基上能很快恢复生长，与对照相当，但继代于含同样浓度毒素培养基上，存活率下降９５．２％。经０．６ｘ１０￣（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ毒素处理３０ｄ后，各基因型的耐毒素愈伤组织成苗率在２０％～３５％之间，多数耐毒素愈伤组织生理上受到伤害，失去分化成苗的能力，从抗（耐）毒素的细胞系中已筛选获得田间抗性优于原供体品种的Ｒ＿１代植株９株，Ｒ＿２代植株２５株。

The wheat calli and regenerated plants for resistance to crude toxin of Fusarium graminearum were selected.The optimum selecting coneentration containing Deoxynivalenol (DON)in crude toxin for resistant calli was(0.5～0.6)x10￣(-4)mol / L. The defferences of response to the toxin were present in young embyros or ear calli of various genotypes.The survival rate and formative plantlet ratio of young cmbyto calli of Yangmei 158 was higher than that of the other varieties(Yangmai No.5,Yang 85-85, Su 8060).The influeneing degree for the toxin to calli depended on the concentration of medium containing DON and selection times on toxin medium. In the range of 10￣(-3)～10￣(-5)mol/L,as the inerease of DON concentration in medium, so the frequency of survived calli grown on the medium decreased correspondently. When calli which had survived on the toxin medium transfered to a toxic medium con-taining the same concentration DON for the second times,the survival rate of the calli deereased 95.2% by contrast to the first time selection. Nine regenerated plants R_1 and twenty-five regencrated plants R_2 which the resisance to wheat scab in the field was higher than the same original variety have been obtained.