黄瓜主要性状的遗传力和遗传相关的初步研究

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON HERITABILITY AND GENETIC CORRELATION OF MAJOR CHARACTERS OF CUCUMBER

利用雌雄异花的黄瓜品种，研究了单性结果果数和产量等６个主要性状的遗传力、遗传变异系数和遗传相关。结果表明：性状的遗传力以雌花数和单性结果果数较高，分别为９８．４７％，８８．８９％；而开花期与第１雌花数节位较低，分别为５６．６２％，３１．０３％。遗传变异系数以单性结果果重和雌花数较高，分别为３７．５１％，３７．３８％，而第１雌花节位和开花期较低，分别为１１．５７％，６．２３％，表明对雌花数这一性状进行早世代单株选择会有较好的效果。而对第１雌花节位和开花期２个性状进行选择须在高世代进行单株选择才会有较好效果。雌花数与单性结果果数（ｒ＝０．８３４６）、单性结果产量（ｒ＝０．６８６）之间以及单性结果果数与单性结果产量之间（ｒ＝０．９２４７）具有极显著的正相关关系。因而，在理论上对单性结果性能的选择完全可以通过对雌花数的选择而达到目的。

The heritability,coefficient of hereditary variation and genetic correlation of 6 major charactersincluding the number of parthenocarpic fruits and parthenocarpic yields with monoecious varieties of Cucumissalivus L are studied. The heritabilities of the nurnber of pistillate flowers and the number of parthenocarpicfruits are high,98.47%,88.89%, respectively.The heritabilitles of flowering time and the node of the firstpistillate flower,however,are low,56.62%,31.03%,respectively. Coefficients of hereditary variation ofthe weight of parthenocarpic fruits and the number of pistillate flowers are high,37.51%,37. 38%, respec-tively,but that of the node of the first pistillate flower and the flowering time are low,11.57%,6. 23%,re-spectively. The number of pistillate flowers can be selected by single plant at earlier generations,the node ofthe first plstillate flower and the flowerlng time should be selected by single plant at higher generations. Thereare most significant correlation between the number of pistlllate flowers and the number of parthenocarpicfruits(r=0. 8346),parthenocarpic yields(r=0.6860)and between the number of parthenocarpicfruits and parthenocarpic yields(r=0.9241).There by, selection to parthenocatrpy of cucufnber can fullybe achieved by selectlng the number of pistillate flowers,theoritically.