鉴定侧耳属种的方法──胞外漆酶同工酶和单孢配对亲和性测定

Studies on Extracellular Laccase Isozymes and Monocaryotic Pairing Compatibility in Relation to Taxonomic Identification of Pleurotus Species

对侧耳属８个形态种及待定种名的１８个菌株的胞外漆酶（ＥＣＬ）同工酶进行了测定，其中的５个形态种及待定种名的３个菌株也分别进行了单孢配对亲和性测定。结果表明糙皮侧耳、美味侧耳、白黄侧耳、佛罗里达侧耳４个形态种的ＥＣＬ同工酶酶谱相同，而凤尾菇、金顶侧耳、桃红侧耳、盖囊侧耳４个形态种有各自特定的ＥＣＬ同工酶谱；从单孢配对行为分析，糙皮侧耳、美味侧耳、白黄侧耳和佛罗里达侧耳为同一可交配群体，其性因子基因型多至１１对复等位基因（Ａ１Ｂ１—Ａ１１Ｂ１１），该群体杂交种显示杂种性状稳定；而凤尾菇与上述４个形态种都存在着生殖隔离。结果表明糙皮侧耳、美味侧耳、白黄侧耳和佛罗里达侧耳及１８个待定种名的菌株都应属于糙皮侧耳生物种群。文中还对侧耳属种的分类问题进行了讨论。

Extracellular laccase (ECL) isozymes in 8 morphological species and 18 strains of Pleurotus were determined and monocaryotic pairing compatibility of 5 species and 3 strains were tested. The results indicated that the ECL zymograms of 4 morphological species,P. ostreatus, P. sapidus, P. cornucopiae and P. florida, were identical; the ECL zymograms of the other 4 morphological species,P.sajor-caju, P.of citrinopileatus,P.salmoneo-stramineus and P.cystidiosus, had their respective specific patterns. Monocaryotic pairing tests showed that P. ostreatus,P.sapidus, P.cornucopiae and P. florida were an interbreedable population,the total compatibility was 89. 17%, and there were 11 sexual polyalleles in that interbreedable population of 8 strains. The cultivation of hybrids of this population showed that it was a stable one ; while P. sajor-caju had reproductive barrage with P. ostreatus, P.sapidus, P.cereucopiae and P. florida. It is suggested that these 4 morphological species and the 18 strains to be identified should all belong to the P. ostreatus biological species population.