沟埂工程气象效应对红壤棉花的生育影响研究

INFLUENCE OF METEORLOGICAL EFFECT OF THE DITCH AND BANK PROJECT ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON ON RED SOIL

采用沟埂工程系统在红壤旱地上植柏，增温保墒，抗旱的效应十分显著。沟埂比对照平均土壤含水量增加１０．４８％，２０ｃｍ株高处的最低气温高出３．４℃，最高气温低０．２℃，早晨相对湿度低５％，中午高出１％；５０ｃｍ株高处的最低气温高出３．６℃，最高气温低１．６℃，早晨相对湿度低４％，中午高２％。０～１０ｃｍ平均土温晴无比对照低０．８℃，阴天高０．８℃。在沟埂调控下，棉株平均株高比对用高３．４ｃｍ，单株成铃数多１．７个，百铃重０．１ｋｇ，每公顷皮相比对照增产１８．９％。

The system of the ditch and bank project showed obvius effect on cotton culture on red soil dry lands,in increasing temperature, preserving the soil water and resistlng drought.Theaverage soil moist ure content of the ditch and bank project was greater than than that of sloping fields,increasing hy 10. 48%. At 20 cm hight level of the plant the lowest temperature was3.4 ℃ higher and the highest temperature 0.2 ℃ lower;the relafive moisture was 5%lowerin the morning and was 1%higher at noon,At the 50cm hight level of the plant the lowesttemperature was 3.6 ℃ high and the highest temperature was 1.6℃ lower;the relative mois-ture was 4%lower in the morning and was 2%higher at noon,The bright-sky mean soiltemperature was 0.8℃lower and was 0.8℃ higher in cloudy days than that of slopingfields. with the regulation of the ditch and bank,the average cotton plant height was 3. 4cmbrger than that of sloping fields;the single-plant boll member increased by 1.7 bolls;thehundred-boll weight increased by 0.1 kg; and the yield of ginned cotton per hectare increasedby 10%compared with the control.