闸下急流扩散的水力理论和工程实践

The Hydraulic Theory for Diffusion of Supercritical Flow and the Practice of the Hydraulic Engineering

本文从水力学观点,将闸下水流分成缓流、水跃和急流三类扩散。通过物理和数学分析,导出一种在回流中呈急流扩散的主流能量方程及主、回流水力要素之间的联系式——闸下急流扩散的水力理论。并据此,分析了闸下复杂的水流现象和业已在工程实践中应用但尚未得到理论阐明的一些技术问题。

In this paper, according to the hydraulic view the flow types downstream the sluice are classified as the three diffusions of subcritical flow, hydraulic jump and supercritical flow. Through methods of the physics and mathematics analysis, the energy equations of major flow moving in back flow are deduced, while the equations of hydraulic factors correlating between them are obtained. These are called the hydraulic theories of diffussion of supercritical flow downstream the sluice. Based on it, the complex flow behavior downstream the sluice and techenics which have been applied in hydraulic engineering but have not been represented by theory are analyzed.