竹材霉菌的鉴定及防霉剂的筛选

Identifiaton of Moulds Infecting Bamboo Wood and Formulation of Fungicidal Compounds

经鉴定竹材霉菌有２５种。本文描述２０种霉菌的形态，其中常发霉菌有青霉、曲霉、毛霉、黑根霉、镰刀菌、粉红单端孢霉。经测定，青霉菌等的生长适温为１５～３０℃；相对温度为６０％时孢子开始萌发，９３％时萌发率最高。这为选择防霉时期提供了依据。在防霉剂毒性测定的基础上，配成的ＰＣＢ和ＣＢＷ防霉剂效力达９１．７％～１００％。

Twenty five moulds that infect bamboo wood were identified through isolation andmicroscope analysis. This paper presents a description of twenty of them ,including Penicilliumchrysogenum Thom,P. corylophilum Dierckx,P. janthinellum Biourge,P. expansum(LK.)Thom.Rhizopus ,nibricans Ehrenb.,Asperbillus niger V. Tiegh.,A,flarus LK.,Trichotheci-um roseum Link ex Fr.,Fusarium lactis Pir.et Kib.,F. javanicum Koorders,F.moniliformeSheldon,P. digitatum Sacc., Neurospora sitophila Sh.et Dodge,Chaetomium globosum Kun-ze.,C.murorum Cda.,Trichosporon cutaneum (de Beurm et al .)ota,Mucor piriformis Fisch-er.,Alternaria alternata (Fr.)Keissler.,Trichoderma viride Pers.ex Fr.,andHelminthosporium sp.LK. ex Fr.It was determined that the optimum temperature for Penicil-lium spp. and others to occur is l5-30℃ When the relative humidity of air reaches 60%, thespores begin to germinate,The highest rate of germination is obtained when the relative humidi-ty reads 93%.In addition, two fungicidal compounds, PCB and CBW, were formulated afterthe toxicity test, the fungicidal efficiency of which was as high as 91.7-100%