二齿新蚤和方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种侵袭与离开宿主习性的实验研究

LABORATORY STUDIES ON FLEAS NEOPSYLLA BIDENTATIFORMIS AND CITELLOPHILUS TESQUORUM SUNGARISATTACKING AND LEAVING FROM HOSTS

本文对二齿新蚤和方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种侵袭与离开宿主的习性进行了实验研究，结果：（１）蚤攻击宿主距离平均在２ｃｍ以内，最大攻击距离不超过１０ｃｍ。在有效侵袭范围内，蚤与宿主距离近时较距离远时吸血蚤数增多。（２）蚤对宿主的侵袭程度雌蚤大于雄蚤，繁殖蚤大于新羽化虽，二齿新蚤大于方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种，对小白鼠大于对达乌尔黄鼠。（３）宿主死后一定时间内，仍有部份蚤侵袭其尸体。死亡时间越长侵袭蚤数越少，呈ｌｏｇＹ＝ａ－ｂｌｏｇＸ型曲线。（４）蚤离开宿主时间呈偏态分布，温度越高偏态分布越明显。蚤离开死鼠和离开活鼠所需时间很接近。二齿新蚤和方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种离开宿主时间几乎相同。二种蚤离开宿主平均时间与环境温度呈负相关，且呈曲线关系。

. The average distance for fleas Neopsylla bidentatiformis and Citellophilustesquorum sungaris to attack their hosts is less than 2 cm; the greatest distancedoes not exceed 10cm. Within effective attacking range, the number of blood suckingfleas is greater at short distance from their hosts than at long distance.2. The frequency of host attack is higher in female fleas than in male, insexually mature fleas than in newly emerged, in Neopsylla bidentatlformis than inCiteilophilus tesquorum sungaris, and on Mus musculus than on Citellus fauricus.3. Within certain time after death of the host, a few fleas still (r) attack itscorpse As the death time (x) prolonged the attacking fleas became fewer, and therelation may be expressed by the curve log Y=a-b log X.4. The time for fleas leaving from the host falls into a curve of partial distribution which becomes more distinct when the temperature is higher. The rate forfleas leaving from the live host is as quick as from the dead host and it is almostidentical for the two flea species. The average time for fleas to leave from theirhosts is negatively correlated to environmental temperature.