麦棉一体化栽培氮磷钾肥料运筹技术的研究

STUDIES ON THE APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR N、P、K FERTILIZER IN THE SUCCESSION SYSTEM OF WINTER WHEAT-COTTEN

进行大田肥料试验，研究了小麦－棉花一体化肥料运筹技术。结果表明，在高肥力水平土壤上，麦棉一体化栽培小麦产量一般在６０００～６３００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，棉花产量一般在１５７５～１７２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，即使在高施肥量条件下，产量也很少有所增加。在本试验条件下，适宜的肥料用量为小麦Ｎ２２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｐ２Ｏ５１１０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｋ２Ｏ１３５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，棉花１８５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｐ２Ｏ５９０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｋ２Ｏ１４０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。在中肥力水平土壤上，麦棉一体化栽培小麦产量达到６０００～６３００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，棉花产量达到１５００～１６５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２的适宜肥料用量为小麦Ｎ２５５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｐ２Ｏ５１２０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｋ２Ｏ１８０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，棉花Ｎ２２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｐ２Ｏ５１１０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｋ２Ｏ１７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。在低肥力水平土壤上，麦棉一体化栽培很难达到小麦６０００～６３００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、棉花１５００～１６５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２的产量水平。适宜肥料用量为小麦３００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｐ２Ｏ５１３５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｋ２Ｏ２４０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，棉花Ｎ２５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｐ２Ｏ５１５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２、Ｋ２Ｏ２００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。

The results of large-scale field fertilizer test showed that in order to capture 6000￣6300kg/hm2 wheat grain and 1575￣1725kg / hm2 lint cotten at high fertility soil, the most economic application of pure N、P2S5、K2O as fertilizer were 225kg/ hm2、110kg/ hm2 and 135kg/ hm2 in winter wheat and 185kg/hm2、90kg/ hm2 and 140kg / hm2 in cotten respectively. It was difficult to increase the yield in a large number even if use maximum application of fertilizer in the succession systeem of winter wheatcotten, and in orger to capture 6000￣ 6300kg/ hm2 winter wheat grain and 1500￣1650kg / hm2 line cotten at middle fertility soil, they were 255kg/hm2、120kg/hm2、180kg/ hm2 and 225kg /hm2、110kg /hm2、170kg / hm2 respectivily. It was very difficult to capture 6000￣ 6300kg/ hm2 winter wheat grain and 1500￣ 1650kg/ hm2 line cotten at lower fertility soil but its most economic application of pure N 、P2O5、 K2O were 300kg/ hm2、135kg/ hm2 and 240kg/ hm2 in winter wheat and 250kg/ hm2、150kg/ hm2 and 200kg/ hm2 in cotten respectively in the succession system of winter wheat-cotten.