降雨因素和坡度对溅蚀影响的研究

Effect of rainfall factors and slope on splash erosion

本文根据野外天然降雨溅蚀试验观测资料,研究了各种降雨特征因素和坡度对溅蚀的作用。结果表明,短时段最大雨强和降雨功能是影响溅蚀的主要降雨因素,并以最大30分钟雨强和降雨动能的组合因子与溅蚀量的关系最为密切。向下坡溅蚀强度随坡度增大呈递增而后呈递减的变化规律,存在溅蚀临界坡度并分析了原因;定量分析评价了各溅蚀分量与坡度的关系。由此,建立了反映降雨和坡度综合影响溅蚀的数学模型。

The effects of various rainfall factors and slope on splash erosion are studied based on the data obtained in the field.The result shows that the maximum intensity in short period and the kinetic energy of rainfall are the important factors,the combination of maximum intensity in thirty -minute with the kinetic energy is closely related to the splash erosion.The downwards splash erosion intensity increases initially, and then decreases as slope steepness increases,it is recorgnized that there is a critical slope value, which is analyzed.After quantitative assessment to the splash components with slope the mathematical models reflecting the comprehensive effects of both rainfall and slope are established.