论东川市水土流失、泥石流的危害和治理

On soil and water conservation and the control of debris flow in Dongchuan city

水土流失对东川山区生态环境的破坏和经济建设的危害主要有:土地退化,生物产量下降;给铁路、公路运输带来严重威胁;造成河道淤积,影响水利水电建设;山区生态环境恶化;威胁城镇建设。遵照生态经济学原理,搞好东川水土保持工作,主要是要防治结合,加强监督检查工作;科学地、合理地开发资源;建设好基本农田,提高单位面积产量;积极发展多种经营,活跃山区经济;提高对保护环境的认识;建立水土保持劳务积累制和小流域承包责任制;加强山洪、泥石流预报警报和科研工作;进一步树立尊重知识、尊重人才的社会风气,进一步调动科技人员的积极性。

The causes of complicated geologic tectonic, strong action of recent tectonic, steep topography condition, distinct dry and wet seasons,intensified storm and the unrational economic action of human being are thought as the fundamental reason of serious soil and water loss. The soil and water loss area of the city is 68.54％ of the total city area, being the top value of Yunnan Province. The soil and water loss could be divided into five grades, including light, medium, strong, extreamly strong andfierce types according to the loss intensty; into four grades, including dangerous, more dangerous, extreamly dangerous and devastating types according to the danger potentiality in soil and water loss; into flow water,gravitational,wind and man-made erosions accoding to the strength. The main harmes from the soil and water loss to the ecological environment and economic construction are land degradation, decrease of biological production, serious threatening to railway and road transportation,inducing deposition of river, impacting the construction of water conservancy and hydraulic power, the worsening of ecological environment in mountain and threatening the building of city and town.In accordence with the ecological economy principle, to conduet soil and water conservation work well needs combination of prevention with control, improving the supervision and inspection, exploiting resources scientifically and rationally,constructing capital farmland and raising yield,developing diversified economy actively and animating the mountain economy,enhancing the understanding of environment protection, establishing accumulation system of labour and the respensible system of contract for small watershed; paying attention to the prediction,warning and scientific study of flood and debris flow, finally, it is stressed to acquirethe social atmosphere of respecting knowledge and talent in order to stimulate the activity of scientific and technical persons.