中国煤炭开发利用现状与发展洁净煤技术

STATUS OF COAL MINING AND UTILIZATION IN CHINA AND DEVELOPMENT OF CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES

我国煤炭产量和消费量都占世界第一，是世界上少数几个以煤为主要能源的国家。我国煤矿众多，特别是近三分之二的县有小煤矿。煤炭开发对矿区乃至整个环境造成了严重的污染，因此，必须重视煤炭开发对整个环境的影响。我国煤炭消费结构呈多元化的格局，煤炭热效率低，污染严重，因此，必须针对多元化的终端用户发展适用的洁净煤技术。发展具有我国特点的洁净煤技术要体现环境与发展统一，社会效益与经济效益并重，提高效率与控制污染要贯穿在煤炭开发与利用的全过程；要针对多元化的终端用户开发适用的技术；要把发展洁净煤技术与节能和改变煤炭单一产品结构结合起来。洁净煤技术可包括四个领域：煤炭加工，煤炭转化；燃烧及后处理，煤炭开发利用中污染的控制。

China ranks first in the world in both coal production and consumption,becoming one of a few countries which take coal as the main source of energy. There are numerous coal mines in the whole country with two thirds of counties running small coal mines, thus causing serious pollution to mine areas and the whole environment. Therefore, great attention must be paid to the influences of coal mining and utilization on the environment.The coal consumption structure in China is in a diversified pattern with low thermal efficiency and serious pollution problems. Thus, it is necessary to develop appropriate clean coal technologies for different end users of coal. The development of clean coal technologies with Chinese characteristics must embody the unity of environment and developmenti the equal stress must be laid on social efficiency and economic efficiency; the improvement of thermal efficiency and control of pollution must run through the whole process of coal mining and utilization;appropriate technologies must be developed for different end users; the development of clean coal technologies must be combined with energy conservation and changing the single-product structure of coal.Clean coal technologies cover four fields: coal processing; coal conversion; coal combustion and post-combustion treatrnent; and pollution control in mining and utilization.