控制棉铃虫暴发成灾的APM对策

Strategy of Areawide Pest Management for Outbreak of C0ttonBollworm(Helithis armigera)

近年来全国特别是北方棉铃虫空前大暴发，其显著特点为发生范围广、数量大，发生期早、世代重叠，兼性迁飞、异地暴发，受害作物多、面积大。食物条件适宜、气候条件有利是其大面积暴发的根本原因；整体防治水平下降、抗药性剧增是造成大面积成灾的主要原因。由于适宜于棉铃虫猖獗发生的基本条件依然存在，预测近年内其暴发危害的态势仍然持续，可能成为北方特别是黄淮棉区常发性的农业灾害。根据国内外控制棉花害虫暴发成灾的经验、教训，并结合我国农村分散经营的特，控制棉铃虫暴发成灾必须组织起来，采用大面积种群治理（ＡＰＭ）对策，组建由决策、技术、信息和推广四大系统构成的区域性ＡＰＭ体系，实行大面积综合防治、统一防治、全面防治、全程防治，将其种群数量控制在经济允许损失水平之下，逐步达到长治久安的目的。

In the recent years,the cotton bollworm has being shown a serious outbreak andcaused considerable economic loss throughout the China cotton region, particularily in theNorth China. The characters for such a outbreak were(1)occurrence at a large area with ex- tremely high population numbers,(2)advance in occurrence with generations greatly over-lapped,(3)dispersal at a large scale with occasional distant migration,and(4)damage to awide range of host plants with great economic losses caused.Favorable food conditions weremostly ascribed to a serious outbreak with suitable climate and weather functioning as the en-hancer; and decreased level in pest control was largely attributed to such a great economic losswith increased insecticide resistance functioning as the promoter。 Since the most important fac-tors favorable for cotton bollworm outbreak are still present there exists a great possibility forits prevalence during the recent years in the North China cotton region with particular inHuang huai cotton areas. Based on analyses of success and failure in control of outbreak ofcotton insect pests both overseas and domestic,strategy of areawide pest management(APM)is proven to be the effective and promising approach to prevent and control the current out-break of the cotton bollworm here in China。