陆海种间杂种回交转育配子选择效应研究

Studie of Effects of Selecting Gametes on Backcross of InterspecificHybrid of Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.

利用有腺体陆地棉（Ｇ．ｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍ）品系石７ｌｌ和Ｈ２３７为母本与显性无腺体海岛棉（Ｇ．ｂａｒｂａｄｅｎｓｅ）品系海１杂交，以轮回亲本陆地棉作父本或母本与无腺体株回支４次。结果发现：①以陆地棉作回支母本，效果好。株高趋向亲本的速度快，铃大，衣分高，霜前花多，特别是产量大幅度提高，各世代表现趋势一致。这可能是对父本配子选择作用的结果。②组合１（石７１１×海１）转育三至四代产量和品质基本符合要求。组合Ⅱ（Ｈ２３７Ｘ海１）与组合Ｉ的趋势一致。因此，在棉花陆海杂种回交育种中，用轮回亲本陆地棉作母本，杂种为父本优于用轮回亲本陆地棉作父本的传统做法。

In order to measure the effectiveness of the recurrent parent G. hirsutum as female,glanded varieties Shi711 and H237 were hybridized with dominant glandless Hai l( G.bar-badense),then backcrossed the glandless plants to G. hirsutum parent used as female and malefor 4 generations,It was found that(1)in the backcrossing process,the G. hirsutum parent asthe female was more efficient than as the male. The progenies with G. hirsutum as the femalehad short plants,bigger bolls,higher lint percent,more pre一frost yield percentage,especial-ly, more yield increased in large scale than as the male,and these differences were consistentin all four generations,It could be the result of the selective elimination of the donor parentgenotype in interspecific backcrosses.(2)To cross I (Shi711X Hai 1 ),backcrossed for 3～4generations to maintain a satisfactory level of fiber quality and yield The trends of cross Ⅱ(H237XHai1)were the same as cross I.It was proposed that a system of the recurrent parenthirsutum as the female backcrossing would be substituted for the usual system of using the re-current parent as the male。