5株芽孢杆菌对棉花病害的防治效果及其对棉苗生长的影响

Control Efficiency on Cotton Seedling Diseases and Effect On SeedlingGrowth by 5 Bacillus Strains

来自５种植物根围土壤的５株芽孢杆菌对棉花立枯病菌、炭疽病菌、黄萎病菌、枯萎病菌、棉铃疫霉病菌和棉叶斑病菌均有较强抑制效果。室内发芽试验表明，Ｃ一６２菌株显著促进棉子发芽，其余４个菌株对发芽无显著影响。５个菌株的培养液处理棉子后对棉苗病害的防治效果为６０．Ｏ％～７５．７％，株高、苗鲜重、真叶数及茎粗均高于对照及灵福合剂处理。以综合效果较好的Ｃ一６２、Ｃ一３７和Ｃ一５４制成水剂和粉剂在江苏、河南和山东等地进行了２～３年小区试验，得到了一致的结果。以种子重５％～２５％浸种或拌种对棉花苗期立枯病、炭疽病等有４０％～６０％的防治效果，处理的棉子顶土快，棉苗素质。

Bacillus strains(C一22,C一37,C一54,C一57 and C一62)from 5 plant rhizo一sphere soils inhibited intensively several pathogens of cotton,including rhizoctonia rot(Rhztrcotonib solani ),anthrax(COllettjtrichum gossypii).yellow dwarf(V ertcillium dahliae),wiIt(Fusarium vasinfectum),boll blight(Phytophthora boehamiae)and leaf spot(Gercosporagossypina). In laboratory tests,C一62 increased germination of cotton seeds,the others hadno effect on seed germination. Seedling diseases were effectively controlled when seeds weretreated with suspensions of 5 strains,and the height, fresh weight, leaf nurnbers and stem-width of cotton seedling were significantly increased when compared with control or Ling-FuMixture(a chemical compound)treatment.Over 2～3Year’s trails in Jiangsu, Henan andShandong Provinces,similar results were obtained with C一62,C一37 and C一54 as a liquidof powder formula,with a general control efficiency of 40%～60%on rhizoctonia rot and an-thrax when seeds were dipped or coated at a dosages of 5%～25% of seed weight, and with.more rapid germination and quality of seedling.