南极菲尔德斯半岛微生物总量的调查

THE SURVEY OF TOTAL NUMBER OF BACTERIA AND FUNGI ISOLATED FROM THE FILDES PENINSULA IN ANTARCTICA

在南极菲尔德斯半岛进行了微生物总菌量的调查。共收集样品３５个（以土壤样品为主），从这些样品中计数得到一般细菌总量范围为：１０３－１０６ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（３０°Ｃ），１０４－１０６ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（１６°Ｃ），１０４－１０６ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（４°Ｃ）；一般真菌总量范围为：１０２－１０３ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（３０°Ｃ），１０２－１０３ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（１６°Ｃ），１０３ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（４°Ｃ）。初步鉴定细菌有７个属：微球菌属，葡萄球菌属，节细菌属，黄杆菌属，产碱菌属，假单胞菌属，芽孢杆菌属。真菌有５个属：青霉菌属，金孢霉菌属，枝孢霉菌属，曲霉菌属，散子囊菌属。特别是在绝大多数样品中４°Ｃ下培养的一般细菌与真菌总量明显高于３０°Ｃ下培养的菌量，同时离半岛海岸线近的地区菌量也高于半岛内陆地区的菌量。在该地区，４°Ｃ下培养的低温菌出现率主要是假单胞菌属（６９％），芽孢杆菌属（５４％），青霉菌属（４６％），曲霉菌属（１７％）。

Investigations of total number and distribution of microbes at the Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica were conducted. The sampling sites were located in the Fildes Peninsula area at interval distance of 0.1km,and the farthest sites were about 2.5km away from Great Wall Station. There were totally 35 sampling sites (almost soil samples).The following results were obtained :total number of bacteria counts per gram of soil was 10 3-10 6 at 30°C,and 10 4-10 6 at 16°C,4°C,and total number of fungi counts per gram of soil was 10 2-10 3 at 30°C, 16°C and 10 3 at 4°C. All of the bacteria are identifed as 7 genera. They are Micrococcus,Staphylococcus,Pseudomonas Bacillus, Alcaligenes,Flavobacterium,Arthrobacter . All of the fungi belong to 5 genera. They are Penicillium,Cladosporium,Chrysosporium,Aspergillus,Eurotium . Especially,total number of bacteria and fungi under 4°C was more than that under 30°C,and total number of bacteria and fungi of nearby coastline region of the peninsula was also more than that of the land region. The appearances of psychrophilic microbes include mainly Pseudomonas(69%),Bacillus(54%),Penicillium(46%),Aspergillus(17%) at the Fildes Peninsula. A great number of different kinds of psychropholic microbes are also distributed widely in this area. It is clear that total number of bacteria and fungi is useful as a parameter for further study to make sure the effect of psychrophillic microbes of Antarctica environment.