机翼翼尖减阻装置的应用和发展

Applications and Developments of Wing-TipDevices to Reduce Drag

利用机翼翼尖装置减少机翼诱导阻力是飞机减阻研究的重要组成部分。本文综合介绍了机翼翼尖装置的减阻技术研究的新发展，着重讨论了＂翼尖帆片＂、＂小翼＂以及＂剪切翼尖＂三种典型的翼尖装置的减阻原理、特性和设计技术的研究以及应用情况．研究结果指出，在接近设计条件下，上述翼尖装置与＂翼尖延伸＂相比，在减少诱导阻力方面将会起到更大的作用．对不同的翼尖装置的比较和分析结果表明，复杂的＂翼尖帆片＂将比＂小翼＂和＂剪切翼尖＂有着更好的减阻效果，而简单的＂小翼＂和＂剪切翼尖＂则能更方便地应用到飞机上．重要的是，对于不同的飞机，需要选择其最为合适的翼尖装置．最后，从翼尖获置的研究和发展的现状，对其发展前景进行评述和展望。

use of wing tip devices to reduce drag of the wing is an important part of studies about aircraft drag reduction. This paper presents synthetically the new developments about the research work of the drag reduction technology by wing-tip devices. In the discussion, emphasis is given to the investigation and applications of principle, speciality and design technology for 'wing tip sails', 'winglet' and 'sheared wing tip',which are three typical wing tip devices. The results of the investigation indicate that wing tip devices mentioned above produce substantially greater reduction in the induced drag at near design condition than would a 'wing tip extension'. Comparison and analysis made for various devices show that drag reduction for the complex 'wing tip sail' is more effective than that for simple 'winglet' and 'sheared wing tip', which can be applied conveniently to the aircraft. It is important to select wing tip devices available for different aircrafts. Finally, development prospects are commented on and looked ahead on the most recent research and developments.