中国大豆育成品种的亲本分析

ANCESTRAL ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS RELEASED IN CHINA

中国１９２３～１９９２年间育成的５６４个大豆品种可追溯到３０８个祖先亲本，其中２３０个为地方品种，３９个为主要来自美国的引种，其余３９个为遗传基础不详的国内育种品系。从中分别评出东北、黄淮海、南方三大主产区育成品种的主要祖先亲本１０，１０，７份，另有国外引种１０份，共计３７份。由３０８个祖先亲本构成的３０８个系谱树中，５个衍生有５０个以上的育成品种，最多的为金元，共衍生有７轮２０８个品种。近１２年育成品种的亲本中１６％为地方品种，３９％为育成品种，３２％为育种品系，１３％为国外引种。三大主产区间育种亲本相互引用呈上升趋势。

Total 564 soybean cultivars released in China during 1923-992 can be traced back to 308 ancestors.Among them,230 were landraces,39 exotic introductions,and 39 unknown strains.The most frequently used ancestors of the released cultivars in Northeast China, Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe valleys,and southern China were 10,10,and 7 respectively, and 10 from abroad, in a total of 37.The 308 ancestors derived 308 family trees. Among them,there were 5 ancestors,each derived more than 50 cultivars, especially the ancestor Jinyuan derived 208 cultivars in seven cycles of breeding programs.Of the parentage of cultivars released during the recent 12 years 16% were landraces,39% were released cultivars,32% were breeding lines,and 13% were exotic introductions.In addition,cross utilization of parentS among the three major areas is in rising.