爬山虎及川鄂爬山虎吸盘壁面附着机制的形态研究

A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE WALL ADHESION MECHANISM OF THE ADHESIVE DISCS OF PARTHENOCISSUS TRICUSPIDATA AND P. HENRYANA

对城镇建筑物壁面绿化中常见的爬山虎及川鄂爬山虎吸盘壁面附着机制进行研究，发现卷须顶端部分的表皮细胞在卷须从枝节发生后（长度不到１０ｍｍ）即开始膨大，随卷须伸长而充分膨大并富含粘性物质。卷须接触壁面时，通过粘性物质粘着于壁面，或以钩状弯曲攀附于壁面微小突起或突入微小的穴中。粘性物质的增多及沿接触面的扩展，使吸盘与壁面密着。卷须通过粘液的硬化、吸盘的干枯、顶端的指状细胞或组织突入微小凹穴，以及吸盘接触面与壁面之间形成的封闭空间的吸着等机制的综合作用，才得以牢固而持久地附着于壁面。

The adhesive discs of Parthenvcissus tricuspidata and P. henryana were investigated at various growth stagesby light and scanning electron microscopy. The epidermal cells on distal portions of tendrils began to swell when tendrils were less than 10 mm long, fully swelled and were filled with mucilage as tendrils grew. When touching wallsurfaces, tendrils adhere to the wall surface by the mucilage, climb with curved distal Portions hanging on tiny protrusions of the wall. The accumulation and spreading of the mucilage on the interface are attributable to the strong adhesoin of the discs to the wall. The multiple effects of hardened mucilage, withered discs, finger-shaped cells or tissuesentering tiny wall depressions and suction resulted from the closed space in the interface between the disc and the wallmade the tendril adhere to the wall surface firmly and enduringly.