试论风景审美的进化理论

A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF LANDSCAPE AESTHETICS

风景美学理论近年来由于结合了进化论思想而得到了一定发展，其中以栖息地理论和信息处理理论的影响较大，它们分别从适合生存、繁衍的环境栖息地条件和认知结构两方面探讨了人类的风景审美。本文首先阐述了风景审美的进化理论，在简要论述了风景审美发展的基础之上指出了进化论美学观所揭示的风景美是朴素的、功利主义的，并尝试提出了风景审美从物质转向精神、从朴素的功利主义到理性的整体主义的发展过程。

Landscape aesthetics theory has been developed recently by integrating with the theory of evolution.Both Appleton' s habitat theory and Kaplan's information processing theory have greater impacts on the development oflandscape aesthetics theory in which human aesthetic responses of landscapes were explored from a stand respeetivelyon the habitat conditions and cognitive structures of landscapes suitable for survival. At first, this peper more completely and incisively discussed the evolutionary theory of landscape aesthetics, and then pointed out that the landscapeaesthetics expressed in the evolutional aesthetics is at a simple and utilitarian level from a progressive perspective oflandscape aesthetics. Finally, the author attempted to state that the ideas of landscape aesthetics have changed frommatetial to spirit, from simple utilitarianism to reasonable holistism in the developing process.