普通小麦与燕麦杂交研究初报

A Preliminary Report on Allomixis of Bread Wheat With Oats

普通小麦品种中国春与宁夏野燕麦杂交，中国春ｐｈ１ｂ突变体与Ｍ．ｌｏｗ、夏莜麦、定襄燕麦杂交，４组合的杂交结实率分别为０．５４％、１．２９％、１．４２％、０．４６％。杂种幼胚在Ｎ６＋ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＬＨ２００ｍｇ／Ｌ＋５％蔗糖培养基上培养，多数幼胚萌发成苗，少数幼胚长成愈伤组织。愈伤组织在Ｃ１７＋ＫＴ９ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ１５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋２，４－Ｄ０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋９％蔗糖培养基上分化成苗。幼苗在Ｎ６＋ＮＡＡ１０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋１０％蔗糖培养基上不断分蘖繁殖，其根尖组织经过预处理、固定、染色和镜检，染色体数目为２８～４２条，确认为真杂种。杂交结果表明，小麦与燕麦的可交配性与中国春可交配性基因无关；小麦与六倍体燕麦杂交其Ｆ１杂种植株体细胞染色体不完全排除，表明可以将燕麦优良基因导入小麦，以拓宽小麦的种质资源。

The cross-fruitfulness rates of hybridizing Chinese Spring one of bread wheats, wuth Ningxia hayer and crossing Chinese Spring mutant (phlb) with M. low, Summer naked oats and Dingxiang oats were respectively 0.54%, 1 .92%, 1. 42% and 0.46%. The hybrid embryoes were cultivated in the substrate consisting of N6+NAA (1 mg/L) +IAA (1 mg /L) +LH (200mg/L) +sucrose (5%), the most of embryoes developed into young plants and a few deyeloped into wound tissues. The wound structures successively tillered and reproduced in the substrate composed of C17+KT (9 mg/L) +NAA (15mg/L) + 2, 4-D(0.02mg/L) +Sucrose(9%) and it was found that their root tip tissues had a chromosomes number from 28 to 42 through pretreatment, fixation, coloration and micrurgical examination, and they were confirmed as real hybrids. The results of hybridization showed that coition of the bread wheat with oats had nothing to do with the former's coition genes. The somatic cell chromosomes in F1 hybrid plants indicated that good genes of oats can be introduced into the bread wheat to enrich the germ plasm resources of the wheat.