太阳散射辐射的分光测量及其能量分配

THE SPECTRAL MEASUREMENT OF THE SOLAR DIFFUSE RADIATION AND ITS ENERGY DISTRIBUTION

近十余年来，国内外不少学者先后研究了散射辐射与总辐射的关系［１－６］，建立了各种计算散射辐射的经验公式，但有关分光散射辐射分量的测量和研究为数甚少。为此，我们于１９８９－１９９０年在北京对３００－２８００ｎｍ光谱范围内的７个波段的散射分量进行测量，并研究了各分量与全谱段散射总量间的定量关系。

By MS-800 model precision spectral pyranometer and MS-11 Shadow Band Stand,the solar diffuse radiation D (band of 300-2800nm) and its components of the spectral diffuse radiation Du (300-390nm), Db(390 -470nm ), Dg (470-530nm), Do (530- 630nm),Dr (630-700nm), Dn(700 -2800nm) were measured during 1989-1990 in Beijing, China. Based on the data observed.the diffuse radiation energy distribution in various spectral bands and its change feature, as well as the effects of the solar declination, solar elevation and cloud etc.on it were discussed. The data observed has been shown that a great daily variation and annual variation of the diffuse radiation and its spectral diffuse radiation have been appeared, but the diffuse radiation and its energy distribution for the various spectral bands in a year are more steady relatively. The mean annual values of the daily spectral diffuse irradiation ratioes (the mean values of the ratioes by the daily diffuse irradiation in the spectral intervals to the daily total diffuse irradiation) are: DRu0. 099, DRp 0. 533 (where DRb 0. 139, DRg 0. 170, DRo 0. 131, DRr 0. 093), DRn 0. 368. In a year, DRu and DRp are larger in autumn than in spring and winter, otherwise, DRn is larger in winter and spring than in autumn. In a day, DRp and DRn are enhanced slightly with solar elevation decreasing, DRu is converse. And DRu and DRp are decreased with cloud amount increasing, but otherwise DRn is enhanced. In addition, we can use equ. (5) and table 5 to estimate the daily spectral diffuse irradiation from the daily diffuse irradiation is obtaied by meteorological observation.