强微波脉冲在波导中传输的数值模拟

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF PROPAGATION OF INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES IN A WAVEGUIDE

应用电子流体方程与麦克斯韦方程对强而短的电磁脉冲传输的物理过程进行了数值模拟。给出了不同压强条件下的击穿等离子体峰值电子密度、峰值电子流体能量、击穿的位置、电磁能的潜行（ｓｎｅａｋ－ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ）时间及电磁能的透过量等特征参数。不但可以看到初始电子均匀分布情况下高功率微波（ＨＰＭ）脉冲的“尾蚀”（ｔａｉｌ－ｅｒｏｓｉｏｎ）现象，而且还发现初始电子高斯分布情况下ＨＰＭ脉冲的“分裂”（ｓｐｌｉｔｔｉｎｇ）过程。分析了各种结果的物理原因。

This paper simulates the physical processes of propagation of intense and short electromagnetic pulse in a rectangular waveguide applying electron fluid equations and Maxwell’s equations.It presents some characteristic parameters germane to air breakdown for different pressures, which include breakdown-plasma peak electron densities, peak electron fluid energies, breakdown positions in the waveguide,sneak-through times and fractions of electromagnetic energies transmitted.Onc can see“tail-erosion”phenomenon of the high-power microwave(HPM)pulse in air for uniform initial electron density; as well as“splitting”process for Gaussian ini-tial electron density.This paper also analyzes the physical mechanisms of various re-sults.