海南“三亚人”遗址1992年发掘报告

REPORT ON THE EXCAVATION OF THE SANYA HOMINLD SITE IN 1992

本文记述的是海南三亚发现的石器时代洞穴遗址，地质时代为晚更新世末或全新世初期．哺乳动物组合为东洋界动物群．石制品在类型上或加工方式上与两广地区相同时代的文化类型比较接近．人类牙齿属晚期智人．

Sanya is situated in the southern part of Hainan Province. The Sanya site is situated inLuobi cave, Luobi hill about 15km northeast of Sanya city.A large number of fossil animals were collected from Luobi cave; including human teeth,worked stone, bone and antler artifacts.Summary Sanya is situated in the southern patr of Hainan Province.The Sanya site is situated in Luobi cace,Luobi gill about 15km notheast of Sanya city. A large nunber of fossil animals were collected from Luobi cave;including human teeth,worked stone,bone and antler artifacts. L) Stratigraphy of Sanya is divided into three layers:a) humus-- ￣ -- erosional surface ￣ -- -b) sandy soil: containing human remains, cultural remains and animal fossils.-- ￣ -- erosional surface ￣ -- -c) sandy clay: induding fossil mammals.2) The human teeth and cultural remains:A total of eleven human teeth were collected. Five of them were found by the atUdcnts ofZhongshan University, another six were found by the members of the excavation team. ThesetCcth include I incisor, I canine, 2 premolars and 6 molars. They belong to old--aged,ndddlc--aged and young men, respectively. The morphology of the teeth are those of modernHOrn o sapl'ens.Twenty--five stone artifacts were collected from the depositS. All are chipped stoneartifacts, consisting of cores, nabes, choppers and scrapers. Most were made of silicarenite, buta few were made of igneous rock. The gravel arhclcs were mainly unifacially worked, a few ofthem were chipped from two surfaces. Volcanic glass is the main material of igneous rock tools.There are pointed implementS, scrapers, and chopper. Pointed implements and scrapers constitute approximately 70 per cent of the tools of igneous rock.The bone artifactS were made of long bones. including bone awl and bone spatula. Thesewere made by scraping, striking and cutting.3) Fauna:Invertebrates: Area anadara pusseaume, Lithorkaga zittelfona, Ostrea(Logha) crenuligera,Ostrea (PycnodDnda) cucullina, AIOides laevis, Tellina ragosa, Terebra sp., Conus sp.. Erosarl'asp., Polynices sp., Pas POnys, SemiSUIcoopfra libertfoa, HI'ppeutis umgilicalis.Vertebrates: Python sp., ooidta sp., Testudo sp., Trionychidae, Phasianus sp. cargo),Phasianus sp. (small), TuPQI'a glta modesta, HipPOsideros armiger, HiPPOsideros sp., Rattesniviventer IOtipes, Rattus sp., Dremomys ruAsenis riudonemsis., Petaurista sp., Hystrixsubcristata, Atherurus sp., Macaca mulatta., Hylobates sp., Selenarctos thfoetanus, Mustelasibirica, Virerra if'betha ashtoni, Viretticula ihdica malaccensis, Paguma larvata hainano,Palaeoloxodon sp., Sus scrpfa chirodonta, Cervus uniclolr dgieani, Munttacus muntpk nigripe,Bubalus sp., ?Gazella sp..The preliminary study of Sanya human site suggestS that itS characteristics of cultllral remains and of fauna are similar to other cave sites of the southern mountain region of Guangxiand Guangdong. Their general characteristics are as follows:a) A vast amount of spiral shell presented in deposition.b) The fossil hominid is late Homo sapiens and all the fossil mammals are living species.c) The artifacts include stone,bone, and antler articles, but no earthenware is present in thedeposit.d) Most of the artifactS were made with direct hammer technique, and are unifacials. Nopolished artifacts were found.The above mentioned common Charactenstics show that the characters of the cultural remains of Sanya were not different from the coastal region of the mainland; in chronology Sanyasite can be attributed to the late Palaeolithic or Neolithic, maybe it is a transitionalstage--mesolithic age.4) Paleoenvironment of Sanya hominid and its changes' As mentioned above sea livingMollusca comprise ten species, fresh--water Mollusca three species, four Reptile species, twoAves species twenty--tWo mammal species were collected from Sanya site. This is the oldest silewith most abundant fossil materials in Hainan.On the basis of analysis the fauna of Sanya was mainly composed of the animals ofIndia--Malaya. The distinctive fauna was formed by isolated geographical condition. Later thelandbridgc