深埋三维倒垂及三峡工程变形监测基准系统的研究

3-D deeply embedded inverted plumb and deformation monitoring system for Three Gorges project

为满足三峡工程变形监测的精度要求，对深埋三维倒垂和变形监测基准系统进行研究。三维倒垂的研究，主要分两个方面：（１）三维倒垂的误差分析：研究了影响三维倒垂精度的误差因素及减少误差、提高精度的措施。经分析：应用三维倒垂测定水平和垂直位移的精度可达０．１～０．２毫米，可以满足三峡工程的变形监测的精度要求。（２）倒垂自动化系统的研究：正研制的ＥＭＤ电磁差动式遥测坐标仅具有结构简单，设计合理，观测精度高等一系列优点，是一种很有发展前途的新型遥测坐标仪。在研究深埋三维倒垂的基础上，进一步提出三峡变形监测基准系统。它不仅可将整个枢纽各建筑物及基础的变形监测系统统一于同一基准，而且可快速而高精度地获得整个建筑物及其基础的绝对和相对变形量，能较好地满足三峡工程变形监测快速、高精度的要求。

D deeply embedded inverted plumb and deformation monitoring system has been studied for achieving required accuracy in monitoring Three Gorges project.Research on inverted plumb relates two aspects:(1)error analysis of 3-D inverted plumb: factors affecting accuracy and measures reducing errors. By means of the proposed measures the 3-D inverted plumb may monitor the horizontal and vertical displacements of the dam with a resolution 0.1～0.2 mm.(2)automatic inverted plumb system: the electromagnetic differential type remote mapping coordinatograph being developed with advantages of structural simplicity and high accuracy. Based on the research results the 3-D deeply embedded inverted plumb deformation monitoring system has consequently been proposed for Three Gorges project.This system not only unifies the deformation monitoring sub-systems for all structures and foundation of Three Gorges project to the same datum,but also behaves rapidly to give absolute and relative deformation values with high accuracy.