人字门运行阻力原型观测及研究

A study on the operation resistance of a miter gate

三峡工程永久船闸，是目前世界上水头最高，技术规模最大的梯级船闸。其第一级上闸首人字门的淹没水深达３５米。在与三峡船闸人字门技术规模相近的葛洲坝１、２号船闸上，对闸门的应力状态与运行阻力进行了原型观测研究，取得第一性研究资料，将有助于三峡枢纽船闸人字门运转问题的研究。原型观测结果表明，人字门顶枢锚杆在无水工况下受力最大，且Ａ杆受力状态较Ｂ杆复杂，受各种因素影响也远比Ｂ杆大，在设计、制造及运行管理中对Ａ杆应予以特别注意。人字门启闭时的阻力矩曲线为两头大、中间小的马鞍形，观测结果与理论研究及模型试验结果相符。最大动水阻力矩与淹没水深大约接二次曲线关系变化，随着水深的增加，其所占人字闸门的运行阻力的成份越大。

The permanent shiplocks at Three Gorges project are multi-step ones of the highest water head and the largest technical size in the world at present. The immersed water depth of the upper miter gate at first step is up to 35 meters. Optimum design of such a large miter gate may be derived from, among Other thing, the practice proved experience. Thus, prototype observation has been carried out on similar miter gates of Gezhouba No. 1 and No. 2 shiplocks for measuring their operation resistance and determining stress distribution on them. The prototype observation results show that the lOads applying to the top pivot archorage bars are of maximum magnitude without water pressure,consideration, and the stressing state of A-bar is much more complicated than that of B -bar, and the effects of v4tious factors are much more significant on A-bar than on B-bar.Therefore particular attention should be paid to the A-bar during design, manufacture and operation. And that the resistance moment curve durins opening and closing the miter gate appears as of a saddle shape, which is in agreement with theoretical research and experimental results. The maximal hydrodynamic resistance moment varies as a second order function of the immersed water depth.With the increment of the water depth,the ratio of hydrodynamic resistance moment to the total operating resistance moment also increases.