陆水水库生态与环境回顾评析

Ecological and environmental assessments of the Lushui Reservoir

陆水水利枢纽运行２０余年来，发挥了巨大的综合效益、取得了宝贵的实验成果。同时也为类似水库的生态与环境影响评价提供了可靠的资料。经过建库数十年的观测分析以及对工程自然环境的评价结果表明：工程兴建后改变了库区小气候，改善了农业生产和居民生活环境；库区泥沙淤积轻微，泄水对坝下河道冲刷的影响也不大，工程的防洪效益较为显著；库岸和坝下游河岸较为稳定。但是也存在因上游污染物直接排放而造成的水质下降、水生与渔业资源消减和移民补偿安置等问题，建议水库管理部门配合地方政府及早采取有效措施，加强监测保护工作，遏制对生态与环境产生的不良影响，充分发挥整个工程的社会经济效益和生态与环境效益。

The Lushui hydro-project has operated for more than 20 years,from which tremendous comprehensive benefits and valuable experimental results have been achieved.This project also provides reliable data available for assessing the ecological and environmental effects of similar reservoirs.From the results obtained from observation,analysis,and assessment of the reservoir's effects on natural environment,it is demonstrated as follows:After the project was built,the local weather around the reservoir is changed and the environment for agricultural crops and living conditions.of residents are improved;Sediment accumulation in reservoir area is slight,and downstream bed erosion caused by water release is trifling;The flood control benefit of the project is remarkable;Banks of the reservior and the downstream river are rather stable. However,there exist some problems, such as the decreasing of water quality due to direct influence of upstream contaminants,the diminishing resources of aquatic organisms and fishery,the relocating and compensating of settlements.It is suggested that the reservoir administrative departments should cooperate with local governments to take effecfive measures as soon as possible to enhance monitoring and protection, restrain unfavorable effects on ecology and environment,and bring socio-economical benefits and ecolo-environmental benefits into full play.