中国西部积雪微波遥感监测

MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING MONITORING OF SNOW COVER IN WESTERN CHNA

用１９７８─１９８７年多通过微波扫描辐射计（ＳＭＭＲ）所获取的地表微波亮温及亮温－雪深区域订正反演算式，计算了１００°Ｅ以西中国境内年与季的平均雪量和雪盖率，以及它们的年际变化，阐明了积雪时空的变化。所取得的高原及高山低山积雪监测结果，为当地积雪资源的开发利用提供了可靠依据。

Snow cover is an important water resource in western China from l00°E and one ofimportant environmental factors。Based on the SMMR microwave brightness temporature recordsand the regional adjusted brightness temperature-snow depth retrieval algorithms for 5 Iandformunits in western china,the annuai and seasonai average snow cover extent and vofume have beencaiculated。 The results show that the average winter snow voiume is 41. 09(km)￣3: and is 42%more than the average calculated by the meteorological station records.According to the time series of the monitoring results, there are some features of snow coverin western china:1.ThOug the solid rainfall is scarce in winter, snow cover extent and volume are still thelargest in winter. 2.The areas of low and high mountains and plateau are 20.8,20. 5 and 31.9(%)ofwhole western China respectively,The largest average winter snow volume 12. 34(km)￣3 is onlow mountain, On plateau the winter snow volume is only 10. 95(km)￣3 ,owing to the fact thatthe water vapour resources aiways cannot go into it fluently。3.The average winter snow cover extent on plateau is 55.6%,thus the snowpeteh is themain cOver pattern over plateau。4.The occurring time of abundant and short snow years over high mountain and plateau arenot synchronous with other units。5.The differences of snow cover exbent and vofume between abundant and short years arelarger over plateau and high mountain than that over other units。 Moreover,there is slightly morevartability for them in the mid-to-late l980s compered to the late l970s and early 1980s。