小麦全蚀病为害新特点及其治理对策研究

NEW DAMAGE CHARACTER OF "TAKE-ALL"DISEASE OF WHEAT AND CONTROLS

经４年研究证明，进入９０年代以来，山东省小麦全蚀病有两个新的为害特点，其一是全蚀病发生区有所扩大，已遍及全省１７个市地，发病县区占全省农业县区的８５％，病情仍然严重；其二是病地由以往的全蚀病单一为害，发展为近年来的以全蚀病为主、多种根腐性病害同田甚至同株侵染为害。其形成原因主要包括长期推行小麦、玉米一年两熟制，偏施氮肥，缺少有机肥和磷、钾肥，以及普遍种植感病品种等。经试验、示范，提出“三改一治”的农业生态综合治理对策，推广应用效果显著，平均防效为８５．８％。

Four yea's study indicated that there are two new characters with the development of'Take-all' disease of wheat in Shandong in 1990s. The damage is more serious than thepast 30 years and has spread throughout 17 municipalities in Shandong Province, and 85%counties are infected. The infected fields caused not only by 'Take-all' disease of wheat,but also some other root-rot diseases in the same field. Wheat-corn two harvest in a yearhave been carried out for a long time and using more nitrogen and less phosphatic,potassium and organic fertilizer, and planting susceptable varieties are the causing reason.It is suggested that three modifications and one control of agriculture ecological comprehensive controls must be used, it is proved that the average control effect is obvious and morethan 85.8%.