高活性烷基醇酰胺合成机理的研究

On the Sythesis Mechanism of the Superamide

本文利用红外光谱及化学分析法研究了合成烷基醇酰胺的缩合反应。结果表明该反应相当复杂。脂肪酸及其甲酯与二乙醇胺同时发生酰胺化反应和（交）酯化反应，二者相互竞争。除酰胺外，还生成氨酯，后者与过量的二乙醇胺直接反应或通过其它中间物得到所期望的二乙醇酰胺。缩合反应分两步进行，第二步碱催化。生成物随后在７０℃活化３小时。由于反应产品纯度高，二乙醇酰胺含量约９０％，所以称之为“超级”（高活性）醇酰胺。如果用脂肪酸甲酯代替脂肪酸，反应更顺利。

In this paper the condensation reaction of diethanolamine with fatty acids ortheir methyl esters for the superamide is studied by infrared spectrum and the chemical anal-ysis method. The results indicate that the reaction is substantially more complicated. Theamidation reaction and the(exchange)esterfication reaction of diethanolamine with fatty acidsor their methyl csters occur simultaneously, which compete with each other. Besides theamide,the amine ester is formed. which reacts with an excess of dicthanolaimine directly orthrought other intermediates to give the desired diethanolamide. The condensation reaction isconducted in two steps and is catalyzed by bases in the second step. And then the resultant isactivated at about 70℃ for 3 hours. Owing to its high purity, the reaction product, in whichdiethanolamide content is about 90%, is therefore called superamide. The reaction proceeds more smoothly if the methyl ester is used instead of the free fatty acid.