新生儿接种乙肝疫苗和卡介苗后的免疫应答效应

Immune Resopnses of Newborns after Inoculation of Hepatitis B Vaccine and BCG Vaccine

选择４５６名无ＨＢＶ感染新生儿，同时接种卡介苗和乙肝疫苗与单独接种乙肝疫苗或卡介苗，经过一年的随访观察，表明：同时接种卡介苗和乙肝疫苗（Ⅰ组）与单独接种乙肝疫苗（Ⅱ组）后产生的抗－ＨＢｓ应答特征类似；乙肝疫苗的不同剂量和不同的接种途径所产生的抗－ＨＢｓ应答也类似，但在１月龄第Ⅰ组的１与２同第Ⅱ组的１与２抗－ＨＢｓ应答有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），表明皮内小剂量接种乙肝疫苗后抗－ＨＢｓ阳转速度比皮下常量接种快；同时接种乙肝疫苗和卡介苗与单独接种卡介苗后３个月的婴儿结核菌素阳转率（０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５）比较，差异有显著性，说明乙肝疫苗可能增强卡介苗的细胞免疫效应，不良反应轻微。

newborns with no infection of HBV were selected and given simultaneous inoculation of BCG vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine orsingle inoculation of BCG vaccine or hepatitis B vaccine. The observation of One-year follow-up showed that the responsive anti-HBs produced by simultaneous inoculations was similar to that produced by single inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine. The responsive anti-HBs induced by inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine with different doses was similar to that induced by inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine in different ways. But the responsive anti-HBs in subgroup Ⅰ and Ⅱ of the first group, aged one month, had significant difference as compared with that in subgroup Ⅰ and Ⅱ of the second group. It is suggested that the responsive anti-HBs caused by intracutaneous inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine with a small dose was faster than that caused by subcutaneous inoculation with a routine dose. After three months the positive rate against tuberculin in newborns following simultaneous inoculation of BCG vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine was higher than that following single inoculation of BCG vaccine(0. 01<P<0. 05). There was significant difference between them. Hepatitis B vaccine may strengthen cellular immunological response against BCG vaccine without obvious undesirable reaction.